Samarra was founded in 221 AH (836 CE) by the Abbasid caliph al-Mu'tasim to serve as the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate instead of Baghdad in Iraq. The city flourished during the Abbasid era and reached the highpoint of its glory during the reign of Caliph al-Mutawakkil. It is the oldest Islamic city with its remains still clearly visible today.
Samarra, the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate in the 9th century, was distinguished by its unique religious architecture, which reflected the grandeur and brilliance of that era. The Great Mosque of Samarra stands as one of the largest mosques in the Islamic world and the most prominent landmark of Samarra's Islamic architecture. It is also known as the "Malwiya Mosque" due to the spiral Malwiya Minaret that stands at its center.
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